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Chapter 11. Illustration: Creating the best design.

word.
- somebody.

  If you want to use illustrations effectively in your writing, you should keep your illustrations precise, clear, fluid, and familiar.
  Precision means having illustrations that best reflect the accuracy of the language. For the precision, you should avoid details that aren’t either self-explanatory or explained in your text.
  Clarity demands not only that your illustrations convey the information intended, but also that they do not convey any information unintended. To give appropriate information, you should assign your illustration a formal name and provide enough information, either in the text or in the illustration caption or heading. A well-written caption or heading does not only identify the illustration but also answers immediate questions that the illustration raises.
  Being fluid is also important. You have to smooth the transition between what you say and what you show. The best way to smooth this transition is to match the information in your text with what’s in your illustration. Being fluid also means placing illustrations so that they closely follow their text references.
  Finally, to make your illustrations familiar, you should consider what your audience does and doesn’t know. It can help you anchoring an unusual image so that the audience gains a sense of its size and orientation. Showing relative size of an image by including either a scale or familiar-sized image is a good way.
  When you create the best design by using above tips, your writing would be loved by your audiences.

Chapter 2. Structure: Organizing your documents.

If a man can group his ideas, then he is a writer. - Robert Louis Stevenson.

  An organization, which has a beginning, middle, and ending, is a basic format structure for general scientific documents, such as reports and articles. The beginning of a report or article serves a specific purpose: defining the work, showing why the work was done, giving background for understanding the work, and revealing how the work will be presented. The middle states what happened in the work, how it happened, what is the result, and what the result means. The ending analyzes the work and gives a future perspective.
  The beginning of a scientific document includes the title, summary, and introduction. The title is the single most important phrase of a scientific document. It identifies the field of study and separates the document from all other documents in that field. In a strong title, you give enough information to orient, but not too much information to confuse readers. When the purpose of writing is to inform, you could write a descriptive summary or informative summary. The descriptive summary tells what kind of information will occur in the document. The informative summary tells what results occurred in the work. In writing introduction, by the end of introduction, audiences expect answers to the following questions: what exactly is the work? Why is the work important? What is needed to understand the work? How will the work be presented?
  The middle or discussion of a scientific document simply presents the work. In writing the middle, you select a strategy that is appropriate for your audience, and then you reveal that strategy through your headings and subheadings.
  The ending of document provides closure. Readers expect an analysis of the most important results from the document’s discussion and a future perspective on the work. In addition, you supply back matter in the form of appendices and glossaries for your secondary audiences.